Modeling and control of modern wind turbine systems: An introduction

This chapter provides an introduction to the modeling and control of power generation from wind turbine systems. In modeling, the focus is on the electrical components: electrical machine (e.g. permanent-magnet synchronous generators), back-to-back converter (consisting of machine-side and grid-side converter sharing a common DC-link), mains filters and ideal (balanced) power grid. The aerodynamics and the torque generation of the wind turbine are explained in simplified terms using a so-called power coefficient. The overall control system is considered. In particular, the phase-locked loop system for grid-side voltage orientation, the nonlinear speed control system for the generator (and turbine), and the non-minimum phase DC-link voltage control system are discussed in detail; based on a brief derivation of the underlying machine-side and grid-side current control systems. With the help of the power balance of the wind turbine, the operation management and the control of the power flow are explained. Concluding simulation results illustrate the overall system behavior of a controlled wind turbine with a permanent-magnet synchronous generator. ‡C. Dirscherl, C.M. Hackl and K. Schechner are with the research group “Control of renewable energy systems” (CRES) at the Munich School of Engineering (MSE), Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany. ∗Authors are in alphabetical order and contributed equally to the paper. Corresponding author is C.M. Hackl ([email protected]).